• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature in melt, in particular in metal or cryolite melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, with a temperature sensor and a procedure for measuring with such a sensor arrangement.
    公开号:BE1019959A3
    申请号:E2011/0246
    申请日:2011-04-28
    公开日:2013-03-05
    发明作者:
    申请人:Heraeus Electro Nite Int；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Sensor setup for temperature measurement and measurement procedure
    The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature in melt, in particular in metal or cryolite melt, having a melting point of more than 600 ° C, with a holder provided at the top with an opening where the temperature sensor is located . The invention also relates to a procedure for measuring with such a sensor arrangement. Such measuring installations and sensor arrangements are known, for example, from DE 44 33 685 C2. It is described therein that a thermal element is attached to a support body. This thermal element is placed in a container in which the cooling temperature of the melt is measured. Other sensor arrangements for measuring temperatures in melt are known from DE 103 31 124 B3, wherein glass fibers are used as the sensor element. In EP 1 034 419 B1 a sensor arrangement is described which, like DE 44 33 685 C2, uses a thermal element. Another temperature sensor is known, for example, from JP 07 229 791 A. Measurement is carried out here with the aid of a glass fiber, which records the radiation from the melt and forwards it to a measuring unit in which the temperature is determined in the known manner on the basis of the measured radiation.
    It is the intention of the present invention to improve the existing systems and, in particular for measurements in cryolite melt, to provide a sensor arrangement that allows a fast and accurate measurement.
    This assignment is fulfilled by the invention with the features of the independent claims. The advantageous further elaborations of the invention are described in the sub-claims. Because the temperature sensor is formed by a tube plugged into the holder, in which an optical fiber is placed, which optionally comprises a casing tube adjacent to its lateral surface, the tube or the casing tube being closed at its end placed in the holder, on the one hand the advantageous properties of the measurement with optical fibers are utilized and, on the other hand, the optical fiber is sufficiently protected against damage, since it is placed in a gas-tight closed tube. The optical fiber can be placed over its entire length in an internal conventional metal protection tube (casing tube). This casing connects very closely to the optical fiber, so that the optical fiber can be prevented from breaking during bending. The container can be used for the liquidus measurement, whereby it is first immersed in the melt and filled with it and wherein after the extraction from the melt the solidification curve or the temperature curve during solidification is determined with the aid of the optical fiber. Among other things to prevent subcooling of the melt to be analyzed, the holder can be connected to a vibrating machine via a rigid connection. In practice, the holder can be connected to a carrier which is suitable for being immersed in the melt and which is immersed in the melt with the aid of a lance. The lance can be a known vibration lance, with which the holder can be made to vibrate.
    In practice it has been found to be advantageous that the tube is either a) made of steel, in particular stainless steel, and has a heat resistance of at most 155 m2KpW1, in particular between 3.5 and 153 m2KpW1, or b) of copper is made and has a heat resistance of at most 6 m2KpW1, in particular between 0.1 and 5.1 m2KpW1, or c) is made of quartz glass and a heat resistance of at most 205 m2KpW1, in particular between 5.0 and 202.1 m2KpW1.
    The tube can in particular be made of a copper alloy. The special adaptation of the tube to the temperature of the melt ensures and at the same time ensures that the tube radiates the radiation well enough so that the optical fiber can register it very accurately. In order to prevent damage to the tube in the melt, the tube is best coated, in particular with copper, with molybdenum or with ceramic material, in particular with aluminum oxide. For this application, the tube has an outer diameter of at most 5 mm and the wall thickness of the tube is preferably at most 2 mm. In this way on the one hand the necessary stability is guaranteed and on the other hand the heat can be optimally absorbed and released as radiation. The closed end of the tube is brought to a distance of 0.1 to 5 mm and preferably to about 3 mm from the bottom of the container, so that the measurement can be carried out with sufficient accuracy. At a preferably pinched end of the tube, it has been found that a ratio of the remaining open surface area of the diameter in the compressed inside of the tube to the length of the pinched portion of the tube (measured in the longitudinal direction of the tube) <0.5 mm and in particular ideally 0.05 mm.
    The invention further comprises a sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature in melt, in particular in metal or cryolite melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, with a temperature sensor which is equipped with a dip end. The invention is distinguished by the fact that the temperature sensor is formed by a tube in which an optical fiber is placed, which optionally comprises a casing tube subsequent to its lateral surface, the tube or the casing tube being closed at its end placed in the container. The tube can be sealed in various ways. In principle, a closed tube in the sense of each sensor arrangement being described is a tube whose end that is submerged is gas-tight to protect the optical fiber. The tube can thus be both pinched or fused together at its end. The optical fiber can be placed over its entire length in an internal, conventional metal protection tube (casing tube). This casing fits very closely with the optical fiber, so that the optical fiber is prevented from breaking during bending, for example. An advantage with this second sensor arrangement is the fact that the temperature of the melt can be determined with the aid of a simple arrangement. Depending on the application, this sensor arrangement can also be connected to a vibrating machine by means of a rigid connection, wherein the vibrating machine as described above can be attached to a known vibration lance. The vibration lance is provided with a carrier lance for the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor preferably being mounted on the end of the carrier tube.
    The sensor arrangement is characterized in particular in that the tube: a) is made of steel, in particular stainless steel, and has a heat resistance of at most 155 m2KpW-1, in particular between 3.5 and 153 m2KpW-1 or b) is made of copper and has a heat resistance of at most 6 m2KpW-1, in particular between 0.1 and 5.1 m2KpW-1, or c) is made of quartz glass and a heat resistance of at most 205 m2KpW-1, in particular between 5.0 and 202.1 m2KpW-1.
    Also with this arrangement, the tube is preferably made of a copper alloy. It can be coated with a protective layer of, for example, copper or molybdenum or ceramic material, in particular aluminum oxide. The tube should have an outside diameter of at most 5 mm and a wall thickness of at most 2 mm. Also in this case it has been found at a pinched end of the tube that a ratio of the remaining open surface area of the cross-section on the inside of the pinched tube or casing tube to the length of the pinched portion of the tube <0.5 mm , in particular ideally about 0.05 mm.
    The sensor arrangements described above can be used in particular for the measurement of the temperature in melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, in particular in steel or crystalline melt.
    The invented procedure for measuring with one of the sensor arrangements described above is characterized in that the immersion end of a sensor arrangement attached to a carrier lance is immersed in the melt, which is then at least the immersed portion of the tube at a temperature of 350 ° C to 800 ° C is heated, after reaching this heating temperature, the optical fiber is pushed into the tube and the tube is made to vibrate, and then the temperature of the melt is measured. It is advantageous to then pull the sensor arrangement out of the melt and remove it from the support lance and remove the end of the optical fiber. By removing the end of the optical fiber, it can be slid into the tube and used for a new temperature measurement, without the quality of the measurement being adversely affected by a temperature-dependent damage to the optical fiber.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in drawings. In the drawing:
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a provision with a sensor arrangement according to the invention
    Fig. 2 the analogue facility with a different sensor arrangement
    Fig. 3a, b show a cross-section of the sensor arrangements according to the invention
    Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another sensor arrangement according to the invention
    Fig. 5a-c shows the course of the procedure
    Fig. 6a-c the alternative course of the procedure
    The installation shown in Figures 1 and 2 consists of a carrier lance 1, which is connected via a vibrating machine 2 to a power supply 17 and furthermore to a control unit (not shown) and which is mounted in a sensor tube 3 made of cardboard in the sensor housing. arrangement 4 is plugged in and is connected at its lower end to a coupling 5 of the sensor arrangement 4. The vibrating machine 2 transmits a vibration to the sensor arrangement 4 via the carrier lance 1 and the coupling 5. Furthermore, a power supply device 17 for supplying an optical cable into the tube 6 of the sensor arrangement 4 is provided.
    Figures 1 and 2 show different embodiments of the sensor arrangement 4, the tube 6 being introduced into a holder 7 in Fig. 1, so that that arrangement can be used for the determination of melting points and solidification points, while the arrangement according to Fig. 2 can only be used for measuring temperatures.
    Fig. 3a shows details of the sensor arrangement 4 according to FIG. 1. A measuring head 8 is arranged on the front side of the support tube 3, which is situated in the direction of the immersion direction of the installation. The measuring head 8 is preferably made of ceramic material, but can also be made of cement, metal or cast sand or a combination of several of these materials. The coupling 5 is fixed to the end of the measuring head arranged at the rear, in the interior of the support tube 3. The tube 6 is arranged at the immersion end of the coupling 5, where the optical fiber 9 is accommodated. The optical fiber 9 is made of quartz glass which, on its lateral surface, has a casing of steel closely adjacent to it, which outer layer must protect the quartz glass against mechanical damage. The optical fiber can move within the tube 6. The tube 6 is made of stainless steel and has a heat resistance of 3.5 to 135 m2KpW1. The tube 6 can also be made of copper and have a heat resistance of 0.1 to 5.1 m2KpW1 or made of quartz glass and have a heat resistance of between 5.0 and 202.1 m2KpW1. The tube 6 has an outer diameter of at most 4 mm and a wall thickness of at most 1 mm. It protrudes into the holder 7 made of steel. Fig. 3b shows a similar arrangement, in which the tube 6 "is open at one immersion end. The jacket tube of the optical fiber 9, on the other hand, is pinched at its immersion end 18. On the tube 6 'a metal strip is arranged at the immersion end as a stop 19 in a U-shaped manner, to which the pinched end of the casing tube of the optical fiber 9 is slid and which thereby serves to position the end of the optical fiber 9 in the holder 7.
    The holder 7 is fixed to the measuring head 8 by the metal beams 10. It has a total volume of about 2 to 6 cm 3, in particular about 4 cm 3, its inner height being approximately 28 mm and its inner diameter being approximately 14 mm. The holder is rounded at the bottom. The distance from the lower end of the tube 6 to the bottom of the holder 7 is approximately 3 mm. The tube 6 according to Fig. 3a is made gas-tight at its lower end 11. The gas-tight seal can be realized by squeezing the tube 6 or welding the end of the tube tightly, for example in the form of a hemisphere. An absolute density is not required here. It is sufficient that the optical fiber 9 cannot be damaged by the melt in which the measurement is to be carried out (e.g. cryolite or steel melt). At a pinched end of a tube or a jacket tube, it has been found that a ratio of the remaining open surface area of the cross-section in the interior of the pinched tube to the length of the pinched portion of the tube 6 or the jacket of the optical fiber 9 (measured in the longitudinal direction of the tube) is <0.5 mm and in particular ideally about 0.05 mm. The closure can also be realized directly on the optical fiber, i.e. by a closure of the jacket tube (steel tube) surrounding the quartz glass (Fig. 3b). The closed lower end 11 of the tube 6 ensures that the optical fiber 9 is brought into the optimum position for the measurement. After all, the optical fiber can be pushed into the tube 6 up to the closed lower end 11 (or up to the stop 19 according to Fig. 3b), until it can no longer continue there. At that time it is in the optimum position within the holder 7, i.e. in its so-called thermal center.
    The sensor arrangement shown in Fig. 4 has a structure which is basically the same as in Figs. 3a, 3b, wherein the tube 6 with the optical fiber 9 is not arranged in a holder 7, so that it can be used for the temperature measurement within the molten bath, but not for recording a heating or cooling curve, as is possible with an arrangement of an optical fiber 9 within a holder 7 according to Fig. 3a or 3b. Such a container 7 can be filled with the melt to be measured by immersion in a melting container in the known manner and then be pulled out, wherein the measurement of the cooling curve can be carried out. With a new immersion, the heating curve can possibly also be measured.
    Fig. 5a-5c shows a measurement with a so-called self-guiding mechanism, in which the optical fiber is automatically advanced. A different temperature sensor for determining the time course of the displacement of the fiber is not necessary here. The measuring cycle is started after the sensor arrangement with the support tube 3 is arranged on the support lance 1. The sensor arrangement 4 with the measuring head 8 disposed on the support tube 3 is immersed in the melt such that at least holder 7 and the front of the measuring head 8 facing the holder 7 are immersed in the melt. The optical fiber 9 is then - as shown in Fig. 5a - in its starting position. After immersing the sensor arrangement 4 in the melt, the level 12 of the melting bath above the measuring head 8 has risen (see Figs. 5b, 5c). Around the closed end of the tube 6, the temperature rises, the heat radiation 13 acts on the tube 6, and a portion 14 of the radiation is recorded by the optical fiber 9. That optical fiber is still about 50 mm from the melt at that time, but that is close enough to measure a temperature of about 270 ° C to about 800 ° C. After the temperature has risen to approximately 500 ° C, a signal is sent by the control unit to vibrating machine 2 to start the vibration. At the same time, a signal is sent to the optical fiber feed mechanism 17, so that the immersion end is brought to the closed end of the tube 6 in less than 10 seconds and preferably within 2 to 3 seconds, where it comes to lie in the measuring position (Fig. 5c). All this is done fully automatically, without the operator having to intervene. Thereafter the measurement of the bath temperature is carried out, then the carrier lance 1 with the sensor arrangement 4 is pulled out of the melt, so that the part of the melt remaining in the holder 7 starts to solidify and the solidification temperature can be measured. One signal indicates the start of the withdrawal, another signal indicates the end of the cooling curve measurement. This signal can be set either on the basis of time or on the basis of temperature. An operator then removes the sensor arrangement 4 with the support tube 3 from the measuring lance 1, with an approximately 60 mm long end of the optical fiber 9 protruding from the support lance 1. That end is cut off, leaving an approximately 10 mm long piece of the optical fiber, which is open at the dip end and is therefore not enveloped by an enclosing steel jacket. A new sensor arrangement 4 with a new support tube 3 is then placed on the support lance 1. The approximately 10 mm long end of the optical fiber is positioned centrically with respect to the coupling, the passage of which begins with a 15 mm conical aperture, so that the optical fiber 9 passes through the centric, axially-symmetrical aperture 16 of the coupling without problems. 5 can slide into the tube 6. At that moment a new measurement cycle can start. Because this procedure is automatic and, among other things, the measurement procedure and the displacement of the optical fiber 9 are automated, the risk of errors by the operator is reduced to a minimum.
    A similar but manually controlled procedure is shown in Figs. 6a-6c. The initial situation (fig. 6a) is the same as with the automatic procedure (see fig. 5a). The operator then presses a push button, which activates a timer / time switch for the power supply mechanism 17. This brings the optical fiber 9 to the measuring position in less than 10 seconds - and ideally in about 2-3 seconds - (Fig. 6b). The immersion mechanism is then activated. The carrying lance 1 is thereby brought in the direction of the melt, the temperature of which is to be measured, until the measuring head 8 disappears below the bath mirror 12. The temperature radiation acts on the optical fiber 9. When a temperature of approximately 500 ° C is measured, the vibration is started via the control unit 2. After the temperature of the bath has been measured, a signal sounds, after which the lance is raised, so that the container 7 emerges from the melt and begins to cool down together with the melt that remains in it. In this way the cooling curve can be measured. A light or sound signal is also activated at the end of the measurement. The sensor arrangement 4 is replaced with the support tube 3 in the same way as described above with reference to Figs. 5a-5c.
    In both cases described, the vibration occurs both at the holder 7 and at the tube 6, the vibration itself being transferred over the support lance 1. The vibration occurs at a frequency of 20 to 1,000 Hz, but ideally between 60 and 400 Hz and in particular at approximately 260 Hz. The amplitude is between 0.01 and 0.5 mm, optimally between 0.05 and 0.25 mm and can in particular be in the region of 0.145 mm. This is controlled by the control unit and can be adapted to the relevant type of sensor arrangement.
    The optical fiber 9 can be cut manually, with the aid of an electric knife (e.g. a rotary knife) or in another suitable manner.
    When a quartz glass fiber whose surface is surrounded with a metal top layer (a casing tube) has an open end at its front - that is, an end that is not covered with metal - that is in direct contact with molten cryolite, it will very quickly damaged and even destroyed, which leads to measurement errors. If such a fiber is not made to vibrate, this leads to a slower (normal) destruction of the fiber and to an accurate measurement of the temperature. In principle, the temperature of the bath can be measured very accurately in this way. The liquidus temperature, i.e. the temperature at which the melt passes to a solid or the temperature at which the solid passes to the melt, cannot be measured thereby. The destruction of the optical fiber is too slow for that, so that the so-called liquidus curve cannot be measured. Moreover, it is advantageous to vibrate the optical fiber 9 for the measurement of the so-called liquidus temperature in order to obtain better measurement results for the cooling and heating curve.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    Sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature in melt, in particular in metal or cryolite melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, with a holder which is provided with an opening at the top and in which a temperature sensor is arranged, which characterized in that the temperature sensor is a tube protruding into the holder, which comprises an optical fiber, which optionally comprises a casing tube adjacent its casing surface, the tube or casing tube being closed at its end placed in the holder.
    [2]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder is connected to a vibrating machine via a rigid connection.
    [3]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tube or a) is made of steel, in particular stainless steel, and has a heat resistance of at most 155 m2KpW1, in particular between 3.5 and 153 m2KpW or b) is made of copper and has a heat resistance of at most 6 m2KpW1, in particular between 0.1 and 5.1 m2KpW1, or c) is made of quartz glass and a heat resistance of at most 205 m2KpW1, in particular between 5 , 0 and 202.1 in ^ KpW1.
    [4]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tube is made of a copper alloy.
    [5]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tube is coated with copper or molybdenum or ceramic material, in particular aluminum oxide.
    [6]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tube has an outer diameter of at most 5 mm.
    [7]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wall thickness of the tube is at most 2 mm.
    [8]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the closed end of the tube is at a distance of 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular approximately 3 mm, from the bottom of the container .
    [9]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the closed end of the tube or the casing tube is pinched, the ratio of the remaining open surface area of the cross-section to the inside of the pinched tube or casing tube relative to the length of the pinched portion of the tube is <0.5 mm.
    [10]
    10. Sensor arrangement for measuring the temperature in melt, in particular in metal or cryolite melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, with a temperature sensor with a dip end, characterized in that the temperature sensor is a tube in which a an optical fiber is disposed which optionally comprises a casing tube adjacent its casing surface, the tube or casing tube being sealed at the end placed in the holder.
    [11]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the holder is connected to a vibrating machine via a rigid connection.
    [12]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the tube or a) is made of steel, in particular stainless steel, and has a heat resistance of at most 155 m2KpW-1, in particular between 3.5 and 153 m2KpW-1, or b) is made of copper and has a heat resistance of at most 6 m2KpW-1, in particular between 0.1 and 5.1 m2KpW-1, or c) is made of quartz glass and a heat resistance of at most 205 m2 KpW-1, in particular between 5.0 and 202.1 m2 KpW-1.
    [13]
    Sensor arrangement according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the tube is made of a copper alloy.
    [14]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the tube is coated with copper or molybdenum or a ceramic material, in particular aluminum oxide.
    [15]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the outer diameter of the tube is at most 5 mm.
    [16]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the wall thickness of the tube is at most 2 mm.
    [17]
    Sensor arrangement according to at least one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the closed end of the tube or the casing tube is pinched, the ratio of the remaining open surface area of the cross-section to the inside of the pinched tube or casing tube relative to the length of the pinched portion of the tube is <0.5 mm.
    [18]
    Use of a sensor arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims for the measurement of the temperature in melt with a melting point of more than 600 ° C, in particular in steel or cryolite melt.
    [19]
    A procedure for measuring with a sensor arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the immersion end of a sensor arrangement attached to a carrier lance is immersed in the melt, then at least the submerged portion of the tube is at a temperature between 350 ° C and 800 ° C are heated, after reaching that temperature the optical fiber is pushed into the tube and / or a vibration of the tube starts and that the temperature of the melt is subsequently measured.
    [20]
    The procedure according to claim 19, characterized in that after measuring the temperature, the sensor arrangement is pulled out of the melt and removed from the support lance and the end of the optical fiber is removed.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102010020715|2010-05-17|
    DE102010020715A|DE102010020715A1|2010-05-17|2010-05-17|Sensor arrangement for temperature measurement and method for measuring|
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